==========
Data Types
==========

Presto has a set of built-in data types, described below.
Additional types can be provided by plugins.

.. note::

    Connectors are not required to support all types.
    See connector documentation for details on supported types.

BOOLEAN
-------

    This type captures boolean values ``true`` and ``false``.

TINYINT
-------

    A 8-bit signed two's complement integer with a minimum value of
    ``-2^7`` and a maximum value of ``2^7 - 1``.

SMALLINT
--------

    A 16-bit signed two's complement integer with a minimum value of
    ``-2^15`` and a maximum value of ``2^15 - 1``.

INTEGER
-------

    A 32-bit signed two's complement integer with a minimum value of
    ``-2^31`` and a maximum value of ``2^31 - 1``.

BIGINT
------

    A 64-bit signed two's complement integer with a minimum value of
    ``-2^63`` and a maximum value of ``2^63 - 1``.

DOUBLE
------

    A double is a 64-bit inexact, variable-precision implementing the
    IEEE Standard 754 for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic.

DECIMAL
-------

    A fixed precision decimal number. Precision up to 38 digits is supported
    but performance is best up to 17 digits.

    DECIMAL type takes two literal parameters:

      - **precision** - total number of digits

      - **scale** - number of digits in fractional part. Scale is optional and defaults to 0.

    Example type definitions: ``DECIMAL(10,3)``, ``DECIMAL(20)``

    Example literals: ``DECIMAL '10.3'``, ``DECIMAL '1234567890'``, ``1.1``

    .. note::

        Decimal literals (e.g. ``1.2``) are treated as the values of the ``DECIMAL`` type by default.

        In order to keep compatibility with the previous versions of Presto set either:
            - System wide property: ``parse-decimal-literals-as-double=true``
            - Session wide property: ``parse_decimal_literals_as_double=true``

Decimal Limitations
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
    Currently only Hive connector supports exposing ``DECIMAL`` columns.

    Performance of decimal types longer than 17 digits may be not satisfactory.


VARCHAR
-------

    Variable length character data with an optional maximum length.

    Example type definitions: ``varchar``, ``varchar(20)``


CHAR
----

    Fixed length character data. Char type without length specified has default length of 1.

    Example type definitions: ``char``, ``char(20)``

VARBINARY
---------

    Variable length binary data.

    .. note::

        Binary strings with length are not yet supported: ``varbinary(n)``

JSON
----

    Variable length json data.

DATE
----

    Calendar date (year, month, day).

    Example: ``DATE '2001-08-22'``

TIME
----

    Time of day (hour, minute, second, millisecond) without a time zone.
    Values of this type are parsed and rendered in the session time zone.

    Example: ``TIME '01:02:03.456'``

TIME WITH TIME ZONE
-------------------

    Time of day (hour, minute, second, millisecond) with a time zone.
    Values of this type are rendered using the time zone from the value.

    Example: ``TIME '01:02:03.456 America/Los_Angeles'``

TIMESTAMP
---------

    Instant in time that includes the date and time of day without a time zone.
    Values of this type are parsed and rendered in the session time zone.

    Example: ``TIMESTAMP '2001-08-22 03:04:05.321'``

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE
------------------------

    Instant in time that includes the date and time of day with a time zone.
    Values of this type are rendered using the time zone from the value.

    Example: ``TIMESTAMP '2001-08-22 03:04:05.321 America/Los_Angeles'``

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH
----------------------

    Span of years and months.

    Example: ``INTERVAL '3' MONTH``

INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND
----------------------

    Span of days, hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds.

    Example: ``INTERVAL '2' DAY``

.. _array_type:

ARRAY
-----

    An array of the given component type.

    Example: ``ARRAY[1, 2, 3]``

.. _map_type:

MAP
---

    A map between the given component types.

    Example: ``MAP(ARRAY['foo', 'bar'], ARRAY[1, 2])``

.. _row_type:

ROW
---

    A structure made up of named fields. The fields may be of any SQL type, and are
    accessed with field reference operator ``.``

    Example: ``CAST(ROW(1, 2.0) AS ROW(x BIGINT, y DOUBLE))``