=================== Aggregate Functions =================== Aggregate functions operate on a set of values to compute a single result. Except for :func:`count`, :func:`count_if`, :func:`max_by`, :func:`min_by` and :func:`approx_distinct`, all of these aggregate functions ignore null values and return null for no input rows or when all values are null. For example, :func:`sum` returns null rather than zero and :func:`avg` does not include null values in the count. The ``coalesce`` function can be used to convert null into zero. General Aggregate Functions --------------------------- .. function:: arbitrary(x) -> [same as input] Returns an arbitrary non-null value of ``x``, if one exists. .. function:: array_agg(x) -> array<[same as input]> Returns an array created from the input ``x`` elements. .. function:: avg(x) -> double Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all input values. .. function:: bool_and(boolean) -> boolean Returns ``TRUE`` if every input value is ``TRUE``, otherwise ``FALSE``. .. function:: bool_or(boolean) -> boolean Returns ``TRUE`` if any input value is ``TRUE``, otherwise ``FALSE``. .. function:: checksum(x) -> varbinary Returns an order-insensitive checksum of the given values. .. function:: count(*) -> bigint Returns the number of input rows. .. function:: count(x) -> bigint Returns the number of non-null input values. .. function:: count_if(x) -> bigint Returns the number of ``TRUE`` input values. This function is equivalent to ``count(CASE WHEN x THEN 1 END)``. .. function:: every(boolean) -> boolean This is an alias for :func:`bool_and`. .. function:: geometric_mean(x) -> double Returns the geometric mean of all input values. .. function:: max_by(x, y) -> [same as x] Returns the value of ``x`` associated with the maximum value of ``y`` over all input values. .. function:: max_by(x, y, n) -> array<[same as x]> Returns ``n`` values of ``x`` associated with the ``n`` largest of all input values of ``y``, in non-ascending order of ``y``. .. function:: min_by(x, y) -> [same as x] Returns the value of ``x`` associated with the minimum value of ``y`` over all input values. .. function:: min_by(x, y, n) -> array<[same as x]> Returns ``n`` values of ``x`` associated with the ``n`` smallest of all input values of ``y``, in non-descending order of ``y``. .. function:: max(x) -> [same as input] Returns the maximum value of all input values. .. function:: max(x, n) -> array<[same as x]> Returns ``n`` largest values of all input values of ``x``. .. function:: min(x) -> [same as input] Returns the minimum value of all input values. .. function:: min(x, n) -> array<[same as x]> Returns ``n`` smallest values of all input values of ``x``. .. function:: sum(x) -> [same as input] Returns the sum of all input values. Map Aggregate Functions ----------------------- .. function:: histogram(x) -> map Returns a map containing the count of the number of times each input value occurs. .. function:: map_agg(key, value) -> map Returns a map created from the input ``key`` / ``value`` pairs. .. function:: map_union(x) -> map Returns the union of all the input maps. If a key is found in multiple input maps, that key's value in the resulting map comes from an arbitrary input map. .. function:: multimap_agg(key, value) -> map> Returns a multimap created from the input ``key`` / ``value`` pairs. Each key can be associated with multiple values. Approximate Aggregate Functions ------------------------------- .. function:: approx_distinct(x) -> bigint Returns the approximate number of distinct input values. This function provides an approximation of ``count(DISTINCT x)``. Zero is returned if all input values are null. This function should produce a standard error of 2.3%, which is the standard deviation of the (approximately normal) error distribution over all possible sets. It does not guarantee an upper bound on the error for any specific input set. .. function:: approx_distinct(x, e) -> bigint Returns the approximate number of distinct input values. This function provides an approximation of ``count(DISTINCT x)``. Zero is returned if all input values are null. This function should produce a standard error of no more than ``e``, which is the standard deviation of the (approximately normal) error distribution over all possible sets. It does not guarantee an upper bound on the error for any specific input set. The current implementation of this function requires that ``e`` be in the range: [0.01150, 0.26000]. .. function:: approx_percentile(x, percentage) -> [same as x] Returns the approximate percentile for all input values of ``x`` at the given ``percentage``. The value of ``percentage`` must be between zero and one and must be constant for all input rows. .. function:: approx_percentile(x, percentages) -> array<[same as x]> Returns the approximate percentile for all input values of ``x`` at each of the specified percentages. Each element of the ``percentages`` array must be between zero and one, and the array must be constant for all input rows. .. function:: approx_percentile(x, w, percentage) -> [same as x] Returns the approximate weighed percentile for all input values of ``x`` using the per-item weight ``w`` at the percentage ``p``. The weight must be an integer value of at least one. It is effectively a replication count for the value ``x`` in the percentile set. The value of ``p`` must be between zero and one and must be constant for all input rows. .. function:: approx_percentile(x, w, percentage, accuracy) -> [same as x] Returns the approximate weighed percentile for all input values of ``x`` using the per-item weight ``w`` at the percentage ``p``, with a maximum rank error of ``accuracy``. The weight must be an integer value of at least one. It is effectively a replication count for the value ``x`` in the percentile set. The value of ``p`` must be between zero and one and must be constant for all input rows. ``accuracy`` must be a value greater than zero and less than one, and it must be constant for all input rows. .. function:: approx_percentile(x, w, percentages) -> array<[same as x]> Returns the approximate weighed percentile for all input values of ``x`` using the per-item weight ``w`` at each of the given percentages specified in the array. The weight must be an integer value of at least one. It is effectively a replication count for the value ``x`` in the percentile set. Each element of the array must be between zero and one, and the array must be constant for all input rows. .. function:: numeric_histogram(buckets, value, weight) -> map Computes an approximate histogram with up to ``buckets`` number of buckets for all ``value``\ s with a per-item weight of ``weight``. The algorithm is based loosely on: .. code-block:: none Yael Ben-Haim and Elad Tom-Tov, "A streaming parallel decision tree algorithm", J. Machine Learning Research 11 (2010), pp. 849--872. ``buckets`` must be a ``bigint``. ``value`` and ``weight`` must be numeric. .. function:: numeric_histogram(buckets, value) -> map Computes an approximate histogram with up to ``buckets`` number of buckets for all ``value``\ s. This function is equivalent to the variant of :func:`numeric_histogram` that takes a ``weight``, with a per-item weight of ``1``. Statistical Aggregate Functions ------------------------------- .. function:: corr(y, x) -> double Returns correlation coefficient of input values. .. function:: covar_pop(y, x) -> double Returns the population covariance of input values. .. function:: covar_samp(y, x) -> double Returns the sample covariance of input values. .. function:: regr_intercept(y, x) -> double Returns linear regression intercept of input values. ``y`` is the dependent value. ``x`` is the independent value. .. function:: regr_slope(y, x) -> double Returns linear regression slope of input values. ``y`` is the dependent value. ``x`` is the independent value. .. function:: stddev(x) -> double This is an alias for :func:`stddev_samp`. .. function:: stddev_pop(x) -> double Returns the population standard deviation of all input values. .. function:: stddev_samp(x) -> double Returns the sample standard deviation of all input values. .. function:: variance(x) -> double This is an alias for :func:`var_samp`. .. function:: var_pop(x) -> double Returns the population variance of all input values. .. function:: var_samp(x) -> double Returns the sample variance of all input values.